Read enough Sherlock Holmes, and you begin to realize that any good detective uses footwear as an important source of forensic evidence in an investigation. The bloodhound from Baker Street could say much about people from their footprints or the mud on their shoes. Modern research has taken our understanding of what shoes reveal about their owners a step [...]
Walk into just about any classroom, and you'll see a familiar representation of our planet hanging on the wall: a map depicting the nation-states and continents of the contemporary world in a very specific way. Europe sits prominently at the center of the picture. To its west, North America occupies a very large piece of real estate. Greenland seems to [...]
Have you ever ordered naan bread with your tikka masala or chai tea to go? If so, you’ve been repeating yourself more than you likely realize. Chai tea means tea tea, naan bread means bread bread, and the Sahara Desert means desert desert. Why do English speakers do this? The answer comes down to the moments in history when English [...]
If you’ve ever heard someone speaking in a language other than your own, it might have sounded like they were talking five times faster than you ever have. Or perhaps their language was slow and deliberate, maybe even poetic. Does that mean that “speedy” language speakers are more efficient at communicating more information in less time? Not necessarily. In [...]
The Bee Gees might once have suggested in one of their songs that words alone are enough to sway another person. But as it turns out, human beings use much more than just words to communicate in conversation. Rhythm is an equally important facet of conversation—the rate at which participants speak, how often they interrupt each other, and how much [...]
Humans have always written too slowly for thought. Cultures across history have solved this problem in their own unique ways: Tiro’s word endings in ancient Rome, Chinese draft script, Pitman's phonetic system, and Gabelsberger's cursive "speech-sign art,” among many others. Nowadays, fast writing often comes down to text speak. But most people will admit that writing “u” instead of [...]
Someone in Buenos Aires might sing a song that first became popular in Italy, then was adapted in the UK, and later rewritten in Spain. And yet despite these vast changes across cultures around the world, everyone knows the words immediately, no sheet music required. How does this happen? Football chants are unique among both music and speech in that [...]
Have you ever taken a moment to look at the money you use? The banknotes in your wallet have a complex story to tell, and every bill carries a history of choices about what should be represented on it. Colors, faces, symbols, and more are all part of the equation, and by looking at them more closely, you can [...]
We’ve talked about football kits and the anthems you’ll hear at the World Cup, but those aren’t the only things you might notice. If you listen to the crowd, you may hear talk of tiki-taka or the G.O.A.T on the field, and you might not know what to make of these terms. Football is so popular worldwide that [...]
Before every World Cup match, you’ll see the entire stadium rise for the national anthems of the countries taking part. What you might notice is the differences in approach: South Africa’s national anthem switches languages mid-song (from Xhosa to Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans, and then English). Conversely, Spanish people fall silent during their anthem (because it has no [...]
